down是什么意思

短语搭配

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(1)shut down停业；关闭

(2)slow down减速, 减缓

(3)look down on瞧不起；轻视；俯视

(4)write down写下, 记下

(5)sit down坐下

(6)pass down传递下去；传承下去；传承

(7)up and down一上一下, 起伏；来来回回, 往返地；到处, 处处, 多变的

(8)bring down降低；打倒；击落

(9)turn down拒绝；关小；调低

(10)calm down冷静下来

(11)cool down冷静下来；冷却下来；冷静

(12)break down停止运转；出故障；失败；撞倒；打破；砸破（门）；消除；驱除（人与人之间的隔阂等）；（使）分解；（尤指在公共场合）禁不住哭出来；拆分，把…分成若干部分；抛锚；突遇车辆抛锚；决裂；中断；崩溃；失去控制；垮掉

(13)burn down焚为平地；烧得精光

(14)fall down有不足；有欠缺；失败

(15)put down放下；搁下；放置

(16)go down下沉, 坠毁；被记录, 被记住；被咽下, 被吞下；引起某种反应；(完成学业后)离开大学(尤指牛津/剑桥)；(非正式)被捕入狱

(17)touch down触地得分；降落；着陆；触地得６分

(18)lie down躺下；躺着

(19)push down向下推；推倒；压低

(20)come down下降, 落下；倒塌, 崩溃, 被毁；流传下来；决定支持；大学毕业；渐由兴奋的感觉中平静清醒；涨潮；坠毁

(21)cut down削减, 砍掉；砍倒

(22)knock down撞倒；击倒；(拍卖时)敲槌卖出

(23)pull down拉下来；拆毁；拆掉

(24)close down关闭, 停业；停止播放

(25)settle down定居下来；安定下来

(26)down and out穷困的；赤贫的；被击倒而无法继续比赛的；面临失败的

(27)look down upon瞧不起；小看；俯视

(28)ups and downs起伏；兴衰；幸运与不幸的交替

(29)upside down颠倒, 倒转；一团糟, 混乱不堪

(30)tear down拆毁；拆除；拆开

(31)pin down把...固定住；迫使...做出决定；确定；证实

(32)cut down on削减；减少；降低

(33)come down to由（某因素）决定；依赖

(34)run down下乡；赶上；减少, 降低, 缩减；耗尽；停止运转；衰退, 衰弱；下降；破败

(35)climb down退让；让步；屈服

(36)copy down记下；抄下

(37)count down倒计时；倒数计时

(38)deep down内心深处；心底

(39)die down平息；死亡了；减弱

(40)hand down传递；宣布（判决等）

(41)hang down下垂；挂下来；垂下

(42)lay down权威性地发号施令；严令

(43)let sb. down让某人失望

(44)lock down锁定；锁住；封锁

(45)move down下移；往里去；降级

(46)note down记下

(47)reach down从高出取

(48)stare down往下看；瞪著

(49)take down取下；承担；记下

(50)walk down漫步；沿着…步行；走下来

(51)hands down容易地, 易如反掌地, 毋庸置疑地

(52)look down往下看；俯视；瞧不起

(53)jump down跃下 ； 往下跳

(54)trickle down向下滴流；涓滴；流淌下来

(55)down to归结为；由...引起

(56)crack down on镇压, 制裁

(57)come down with得；染上

(58)boil down to归结为；其结果是

(59)drive down压低；下跌；驱车

(60)hold down限制；压制

(61)hunt down追捕；猎杀；搜索直至找到

(62)stand down下台

(63)vote down投票否决；否决

(64)weigh down拖累；压垮；压弯；使焦虑；使烦恼

(65)bend down俯身；屈身；弯腰

(66)slip down滑倒；滑落；下降

(67)get down to开始干, 着手做

(68)down the line在以后某一时刻；在某一阶段；稍后

(69)be down with患…病, 得…病

(70)back down收回声明

(71)clamp down压制；强制；强行禁止；钳制；取缔

(72)crack down打击；镇压

(73)down under到, 向, 在；在澳大利亚；澳大利亚和新西兰

(74)down tools撂下工作, 罢工

(75)get down跳舞

(76)down the road在将来；今后

(77)step down下台；退出；辞职

(78)let down下降

(79)face down脸朝下地；正面朝下地

(80)wind down渐渐停下；逐步结束；松弛下来；放松

(81)scale down按比例减少, 相应缩减

(82)keep down趴下；卧倒

(83)beat down辐射强热和强光；不停地倾盆而下

(84)down town往市中心

(85)come down on严责；申斥；严厉惩罚

(86)go down with得了…病

(87)bear down用力产出胎儿

(88)shake down适应新地方；适应新环境；安顿

(89)pipe down停止讲话；安静下来

(90)buckle down倾注全力；认真干

(91)dress down穿便装；穿着随便

(92)kick down把汽车突然换到低档

(93)trade down为购买价格更低（或更高）的类似物而出售

(94)chow down吃

(95)talk down to以居高临下的口吻同…说话

(96)you can't keep a good man down有志者事竟成；决心大的人终有出头之日

双语例句

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(1)Sorry, I let you down.

对不起 我让你们失望了

(2)There is a library down the street.

这条街走到底有一个图书馆。

(3)Prices have gone down recently.

最近物价下降了。

(4)Interest rates came down today.

利率今天下降了。

(5)'Sit down!' Meekly, she obeyed.

“坐下！”她乖乖地顺从了。

(6)He crouched down beside her.

他在她的旁边蹲了下来。

(7)Interest rates should come down.

利率应下降。

同义词

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adv. 向下，下去；在下面

adj. 向下的

n. 软毛，绒毛；开阔的高地

prep. 沿着，往下

vt. 打倒，击败

vi. 下降；下去

反义词

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同根词

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词根 down

(1)downward adj. 向下的，下降的adv. 向下

(2)downy adj. 柔和的；绒毛的；多丘岗的

释义

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adv.

towards or in a lower place or position, especially to or on the ground or another surface

向下；在下面

she looked down

她朝下看

the sun started to go down

太阳开始下山

he put his glass down

他放下杯子

she flicked the switch up and down

她上下轻轻拨动开关

he swung the axe to chop down the tree.

他挥动着斧头要把树砍倒。

at or to a specified distance below

在（或到）下面（某特定距离处）

you can plainly see the bottom 35 feet down.

你可以清楚地看到３５英尺下的底部。

downstairs

在楼下；往楼下

I went down to put the kettle on.

我下楼去把电水壶开着。

expressing movement or position away from the north

向南方；在南方

they're living down south.

他们住在南方。

to or at a place perceived as lower (often expressing casualness or lack of hurry)

在（或去）较（随意或清闲等）不重要之处

I'd rather be down at the villa

我宁愿住乡村别墅

I'm going down to the pub.

我正要下（或去）酒馆。

Brit. away from the capital or major city

〈英〉 　离开首都（或重要城市）

there are eight trains a day, four up and four down.

每天有８趟火车，４趟进城，４趟出城。

Brit. away from a university, especially Oxford or Cambridge

〈英〉 　离开大学（尤指牛津或剑桥大学）。

(with reference to food or drink swallowed)in or into the stomach

（吃、喝、吞或咽）下

she couldn't keep anything down.

她什么东西都吃不下了。

so as to lie or be fixed flush or flat

以便平整（或齐平）地（被放着或固定住）

she stuck down a Christmas label

她用别针别上了一个圣诞节标签。

[as exclamation]used as a command to a person or animal to sit or lie down

（命令人或动物）坐下（或躺下、趴下）

down, boy!

孩子，躺下！

referring to a crossword answer which reads vertically

（纵横填字游戏的答案）从纵向读

how many letters in fifteen down?

从纵向读的那个fifteen中含几个字母？

to or at a lower level of intensity, volume, or activity

（强度、音量或活动）由强到弱；由高到低；由响到轻

keep the noise down

降低噪声

the panic was dying down

恐慌在逐渐平息

at night it would cool down.

天气于夜间会凉下来。

to or at a lower price, value, or rank

（价格、价值或等级）由高到低

output was down by 20 per cent

产量下降了２０％

soup is down from 59p to 49p.

汤从５９便士降到了４９便士。

to a finer consistency, a smaller amount or size, or a simpler or more basic state

由稠变稀，由浓变淡；由多到少；由大到小；（情况）由复杂到简单

I must slim down a bit

我必须瘦下来一点

a formal statement that can't be edited down

无法通过编辑缩短的正式声明

thin down an oil-based paint with spirits.

用酒精稀释油基漆。

from an earlier to a later point in time or order

（在时间或顺序上）从先到后

buildings in England down to 1540

英格兰的直至１５４０年的建筑物

everyone, from the President down to the bloke selling hot dogs, wants her dead.

所有的人，上至总统下至卖热狗的人，都希望她死。

in or into a weaker or worse position, mood, or condition

（地位、心情或状况）由好到坏，由强到弱

the scandal brought down the government

这一丑闻使政府垮台

he was down with the flu.

他因患流感而病倒了。

losing or at a disadvantage by a specified amount

以（特定的量）输掉（或处于不利地位）

United were 3-0 down.

联队以０比３的比分输了。

used to express progress through a series of tasks or items

已完成，已处理

one down and only six more to go.

已完成一个，仅剩六个了。

(of a computer system)out of action or unavailable for use (especially temporarily)

（电脑系统）（尤指暂时）处于故障（或瘫痪）状态

the system went down yesterday.

昨天系统瘫痪了。

(down with — )shouted to express strong dislike of a specified person or thing

（作为口号）打倒

crowds chanted ‘Down with America!’

人群有节奏地喊着：“打倒美国！”

in or into writing

（写）下，（记）下

Graham noted the numbers down carefully

格雷厄姆小心地记下了数字

taking down notes.

记笔记。

on or on to a list, schedule, or record

列入（名单、计划或记录）

I'll put you down for the evening shift.

我将把你列入晚班名单。

(with reference to partial payment of a sum of money)made initially or on the spot

（部分付款）初付；付现

pay ￡5 down and the rest at the end of the month.

先付５英镑，其余的月底付。

(of sailing)with the current or the wind

（航海）顺水（或顺风）。

(of a ship's helm)moved round to leeward so that the rudder is to windward

（舵）向下风。

American Football (of the ball or a player in possession) not in play, typically through progress being stopped

【美橄】 　（球或持球队员）成死球。

prep.

from a higher to a lower point of (something)

向…的下面

up and down the stairs

上下楼梯

tears streaming down her face.

从她脸上淌下的泪水。

at or to a lower part of (a river or stream); nearer the sea

在… 的下游；向…的下游

a dozen miles or so down the Thames.

在泰晤士河下游１２英里左右。

at a point further along the course of (something)

在…的那一端

he lived down the street.

他住在这条街的那一端。

along the course or extent of

顺，沿，循

I wandered down the road

我沿街漫步

an incision down the middle.

贯穿中间的一道切口。

informal at or to (a place)

〈非正式〉 　在（或往）（某地）

tired of going down the pub every night.

对每晚去酒店喝酒感到厌倦。

throughout (a period of time)

…以来，持续…时间

astrologers down the ages.

自古以来的占星家。

adj.

[attrib.]directed or moving towards a lower place or position

向下的；下行的

the down escalator

下行电梯

click on the down arrow.

点击向下的箭头。

relating to or denoting trains travelling away from the main terminus

（火车）从大的始发站出发的

we travelled on the first down train.

我们乘坐的是第一班始发列车。

Physics denoting a flavour of quark having a charge of -1/3. Protons and neutrons are thought to be composed of combinations of up and down quarks.

【物】 　（夸克）下的。

[predic.](of a person)unhappy; depressed

（人）沮丧的，情绪低落的

he's been so down lately.

他最近情绪很低落。

[attrib.]informal (of a period of time) causing or characterized by unhappiness or depression

〈非正式〉 （一段时间）令人沮丧的；情绪低落的

of course, there were up days and down days.

当然，有令人高兴的日子，也有令人悲伤的日子。

[predic.](of a computer system)temporarily out of action or unavailable

（计算机系统）暂时无法使用的，故障的

sorry, but the computer's down.

对不起，计算机坏了。

[predic.]US black slang supporting or going along with someone or something

〈美，黑人俚语〉 　赞同的

‘You going to the movies?’ ‘Yo, I'm down.

’ “去看电影吗？”“好，我同意。

aware of and following the latest fashion

紧跟时尚的，赶时髦的

a seriously down, hip-hop homie.

一个十分赶时髦的嘻蹦族。

v.

knock or bring to the ground

击倒；击落

175 enemy aircraft had been downed.

　１７５架敌机被击落

he struck Slater on the face, downing him.

他击中了斯莱特的面部，将其击倒。

consume (something, typically a drink)

喝下，吃下

he downed five pints of cider.

他喝了五品脱苹果酒。

(of a golfer)sink (a putt)

（高尔夫球手）将（球）轻击入穴。

n.

American Football a chance for a team to advance the ball, ending when the ball-carrier is tackled or the ball becomes out of play. A team must advance at least ten yards in a series of four downs in order to keep possession.

【美橄】 　十码进攻。

(downs)informal unwelcome experiences or events

〈非正式〉 　倒霉事，不幸事；挫折，失败

there had been more downs than ups during his years at Ferrari.

他在法拉利车队的那几年里失败多于成功。

informal a feeling or period of unhappiness or depression

〈非正式〉 　不快乐，沮丧

everyone gets their downs, their depressive periods.

每个人都有情绪低落、沮丧的时候。

informal short for DOWNER (in sense 1).

〈非正式〉 DOWNER （义项1）的简称。

n.

soft fine fluffy feathers which form the first covering of a young bird or an insulating layer below the contour feathers of an adult bird

（鸟的）绒羽。

such feathers taken from ducks or their nests and used for stuffing cushions, quilts, etc.

; eiderdown 羽绒；鸭绒。

fine soft hair on the face or body of a person

（人脸或身体上的）绒毛，软毛，汗毛

the little girl had a covering of golden down on her head.

这个小女孩的头上覆盖着一层金色的绒毛。

short soft hairs on some leaves, fruit, or seeds

（植物叶子、果实或种子上的）短绒毛。

n.

(一般作 downs)a gently rolling hill

丘陵

the gentle green contours of the downs.

丘陵柔和的绿色轮廓。

(the Downs)ridges of undulating chalk and limestone hills in southern England, with few trees and used mainly for pasture.

（英格兰南部主要用作牧场的石灰岩）有草丘陵地，有草开阔高地。

(the Downs)a stretch of sea off the east coast of Kent, sheltered by the Goodwin Sands

唐斯锚地（肯特郡东海岸近海受古德温暗沙保护因而不受海浪等侵袭的一片海域）。

one of the Six Counties of Northern Ireland, formerly an administrative area; chief town, Downpatrick.

唐郡（北爱尔兰六个郡之一，主要城市唐帕特里克）。

短语

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be （或have a） down on informal disapprove of; feel hostile or antagonistic towards 〈非正式〉 反对；对…有敌意

be down to １　be attributable to （a particular factor or circumstance）由…引起（或造成） he claimed his problems were down to the media. 他声称自己的问题是由传媒引起的

be the responsibility of （a particular person） 是（某人）的责任 it's down to you to make sure the boiler receives regular servicing. 确保锅炉定期维修是你的责任

２　be left with only （the specified amount） 仅剩下 I'm down to my last few pounds. 我只剩下最后几英镑了

down in the mouth informal （of a person or their expression） unhappy; dejected 〈非正式〉 （人或其表情）不高兴的；沮丧的

down on one's luck informal experiencing a period of bad luck 〈非正式〉 倒霉的（地），运气不好的（地）

down tools Brit. informal stop work, especially as a form of industrial action 〈英，非正式〉 停工（尤指一种劳工行动） the union instructed its members to down tools. 工会指示其成员停工

down town into or in the centre of a town 往（或在）市中心 I went down town to do a few errands. 我去市中心办了几件差事

have （或put） someone／thing down as judge someone or something to be （a particular type） 认为…属于（某种类型），断定 I never had Jake down as a ladies' man. 我从来不认为杰克是讨女人喜欢的人

易错必背词

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look down 向下看

(1)Don't look down! You'll get dizzy.

别朝下看！你会头晕的。[经典例句]

go down 下降

(1)The stamp price has gone down.

邮票价格下降了。[新高考I卷 2021 高考 阅读理解]

turn down 调低

(1)This time, she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.

这一次，她关小了火，所以它煮得很好。[新高考II卷 2021 高考 读后续写]

sit down 坐下

(1)I think we need to sit down and have a talk.

我想我们需要坐 下来好好谈谈。[全国 2022 单项选择]

(2)And while you're at it, actually sit down to eat.

当你这么做的时候，坐下来吃点东西。[全国卷II 2015 高考 阅读理解]

turn down 调低

(1)May I turn down the radio a bit?

我可以把收音机音 量关小一点吗?[天津市 2021 单项选择]

(2)Jim, turn down the music.

吉姆，把音乐关小点。[成都 2022 单项选择]

write down 写下

(1)For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have.

对于每一个花园，写下你最强烈的记忆。[全国卷II 2016 高考 阅读理解]

(2)Writing down or sharing your worries helps to get them out of your head.

写下或分享你的担忧有助于你忘记它们。[重庆市 2020 中考 单项选择]

die down 变弱

(1)Ben could not sleep at first He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m.

起初本睡不着。大约凌晨3点风逐渐变弱时他终于睡着了。[教材原句]

break down 发生故障；失败

(1)The computer should break down at this busy hour.

电脑应该是出故障了。[重庆市 2015 单项选择]

(2)You'd better ask someone else to repair your car, or it may break down on the way.

你最好让其它人修理一下你的车，否则在路上可能会抛锚。[上海市 2019 单项选择]

ups and downs 起起伏伏

(1)Ups and downs make one strong.

人生中的起起落落让人坚强。[天津卷 2020 高考 阅读理解]

let sb down 辜负(某人)；使(某人)失望

(1)You will be there tomorrow-you won't let me down, will you?

明天你会去那里的——你不会让我失望，对吧？[经典例句]

类似拼写词

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down adv. 向下；在下面；由强到弱；由高到低；由响到轻；由好到坏；写下；记下；初付；付现；顺水；成死球

own adj. & pron. 自己的；属于自己的东西；自己做的；自己生产的；有个性的；具有自己特点的；纯属于某一种族的

town n. 镇；市镇；城镇；市区；市内商业中心；主要城市；城区；大学城常住居民

词源

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"Old English dūn, dūne, shortened from adūne ‘downward', from the phrase of dūne ‘off the hill' （see DOWN3）.Middle English： from Old Norse dúnn.Old English dūn ‘hill' （related to Dutch duin ‘dune’）, perhaps ultimately of Celtic origin and related to Old Irish dún and obsolete Welsh din ‘fort', which are from an Indo-European root shared by TOWN."

考纲分布

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近6年出现649次

重要程度: 5星

88%; adv/prep 向下; 下至

6%; adv (写)在纸上

4%; adv 降低; 减弱

1%; v (break down)分解; 崩溃

0%; v (turn down)拒绝; 调低

0%; adj (情绪)低落的

0%; v (come down to)由...决定

考纲释义

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( 1)adv/prep. 向下; 下至

真题例句：

Maybe you should sit down before you read this.

也许你应该在看这个之前坐下来。[2020年 包头市卷 阅读理解]

The windows and doors come from old buildings around her town that were pulled down.

窗户和门来自她城镇周围被拆掉的旧建筑。[2020年 锦州市卷 阅读理解]

He looked down at the sand in the road．

他低头看着路上的沙子。[2019年 南京市卷 阅读填空]

( 2)adv. (写)在纸上

真题例句：

Writing down or sharing your worries helps to get them out of your head.

写下或分享你的担忧有助于你忘记它们。[2020年 重庆市B卷 单选]

The wise man took out a piece of paper and drew a straight line down the middle.

智者拿出一张纸，在中间画了一条直线。[2019年 哈尔滨市卷 阅读理解]

The little girl liked the story so much that she asked him to write it down.

小女孩非常喜欢这个故事，她让他把它写下来。[2019年 长沙市卷 阅读理解]

( 3)adv. 降低; 减弱

真题例句：

Your energy, attention and memory all go down when you don't sleep well.

当你睡眠不好时，你的精力、注意力和记忆力都会下降。[2019年 潍坊市卷 阅读理解]

Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down.

大声说话通常能使攻击者平静下来。[2019年 重庆市A卷 阅读理解]

Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down.

我们的大脑在处理大量的信息，时间似乎变慢了。[2019年 北京市卷 阅读问答]

( 4)v. (break down)分解; 崩溃

真题例句：

It takes centuries to break down (分解).

它需要几个世纪才能分解。[2020年 武汉市卷 阅读理解]

Why are many students so easy to break down?

为什么那么多学生这么容易崩溃？[2019年 衡阳市卷 词汇]

The team is now trying to make the enzyme break down PET in large quantities (大量地).

该团队现在正试图让这种酶大量分解PET。[2018年 重庆市卷 阅读理解]

( 5)v. (turn down)拒绝; 调低

真题例句：

Didn't turn me down.

没有拒绝我。[2019年 昆明市卷 任务型阅读]

You are supposed to learn to turn down others' invitation politely.

你应该学会礼貌地拒绝别人的邀请。[2018年 黄冈市卷 阅读理解]

( 6)adj. (情绪)低落的

真题例句：

made him feel down

让他感到情绪低落[2021年 武汉市卷 阅读理解]

When I'm down or tired, I prefer movies that can cheer me up.

当我情绪低落或疲惫时，我更喜欢能让我振作起来的电影。[2019年 昆明市卷 阅读理解]

Life is a long journey full of ups and downs.

人生是一段充满跌宕起伏的漫长旅程。[2018年 北京市卷 任务型阅读]

( 7)v. (come down to)由...决定

真题例句：

Well, for me it comes down to a perfect balance of delicious food, pleasant atmosphere（氛围）and a near perfect location.

嗯，对我来说，这归结于美味的食物、宜人的氛围和近乎完美的地理位置的完美平衡。[2019年 苏州市卷 完型填空]

必考短语

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(1)shut down停业；关闭

(2)slow down减速；减缓

(3)look down on瞧不起；轻视；俯视

(4)pass down传承下去；传承下去

(5)sit down坐下

(6)write down写下；记下

(7)up and down一上一下；起伏；来来回回；往返地；到处；处处；多变的

(8)break down停止运转；出故障；失败；撞倒；打破；砸破（门）；消除；驱除（人与人之间的隔阂等）；（使）分解；（尤指在公共场合）禁不住哭出来；拆分；把…分成若干部分；抛锚；突遇车辆抛锚；决裂；中断；崩溃；失去控制；垮掉

(9)bring down降低；打倒；击落

(10)calm down冷静下来

(11)cool down冷静下来；冷却下来；冷静

(12)turn down拒绝；调低

(13)burn down焚为平地；烧得精光

(14)fall down有不足；有欠缺；失败

(15)go down下沉；坠毁；被记录；被记住；被咽下；被吞下；引起某种反应；(完成学业后)离开大学(尤指牛津/剑桥)；(非正式)被捕入狱

(16)put down放下；搁下；放置

(17)close down关闭；停业；停止播放

(18)come down下降；落下；倒塌；崩溃；被毁；流传下来；决定支持；大学毕业；渐由兴奋的感觉中平静清醒；涨潮；坠毁

(19)cut down削减；砍掉；砍倒

(20)knock down撞倒；击倒；(拍卖时)敲槌卖出

(21)lie down躺下

(22)pull down拉下来；拆毁；拆掉

(23)push down向下推；推倒；压低

(24)touch down触地得分；降落；着陆；触地得６分

(25)down and out穷困的；赤贫的；被击倒而无法继续比赛的；面临失败的

(26)look down upon瞧不起；小看；俯视

(27)ups and downs兴衰；沉浮；沧桑；高低；起伏

(28)upside down颠倒；倒转；一团糟；混乱不堪

(29)climb down退让；让步；屈服

(30)come down to归结为；归根结底

(31)copy down记下；抄下

(32)count down倒计时；倒数计时

(33)deep down内心深处；心底

(34)die down平息；死亡了；减弱

(35)hand down传递；宣布（判决等）

(36)hang down下垂；挂下来；垂下

(37)lay down权威性地发号施令；严令

(38)let sb. down让某人失望

(39)lock down锁定；锁住；封锁

(40)move down下移；往里去；降级

(41)note down记下

(42)reach down从高出取

(43)run down下乡；赶上；减少；降低；缩减；耗尽；停止运转；衰退；衰弱；下降；破败

(44)stare down往下看；瞪著

(45)take down取下；承担；记下

(46)walk down漫步；沿着…步行；走下来

(47)bend down俯身；屈身；弯腰

(48)slip down滑倒；滑落；下降

必考派生词

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downward adv. 向下；适用于（某一等级制度下的或一群人中的）每一个人

用法讲解

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down常作副词，但也可作介词、形容词、动词、名词，其中心词义为“下”。

考纲分布

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近12年出现15次

重要程度: 5星

73%; adv 向下; 在下面

13%; prep 沿着; 顺着

7%; adv 由高到低; 由大到小; 由强到弱

7%; adv (写)在纸上

考纲释义

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( 1)adv. 向下; 在下面

真题例句：

The pair went down the stairs quietly to the kitchen.

两人悄悄地下了楼梯，来到厨房。[2021年 新高考Ⅰ卷 读后续写]

The woman's eye fell on the man's face, and she immediately looked down and adjusted her scarf.

女人的目光落在男人的脸上，她立刻低下头，整理了一下围巾。[2021年 北京卷 完形填空]

Trainees learn about water-and-land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of "downed" pilot.

通过设计好的任务以及对“坠落”飞行员的搜索和救援，学员们了解水下和陆地的生存。[2018年 北京卷 阅读理解]

( 2)prep. 沿着; 顺着

真题例句：

You really ought to take a boat down the Amazon.

你真应该乘船沿亚马逊河而下。[2021年 新高考Ⅰ卷 听力]

The tractor fired up and we were off, riding down the field looking for weeds to spray with chemicals.

拖拉机发动后，我们就出发了，沿着田野寻找可以喷洒化学药剂的杂草。[2021年 浙江卷 读后续写]

I remember walking down the long hall and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls.

我记得走过长长的大厅，打开我房间的门，发现了一大群海鸥。[2021年 全国甲卷 完形填空]

( 3)adv. 由高到低; 由大到小; 由强到弱

真题例句：

Bring down the cost of labor.

降低劳动力成本。[2021年 新高考II卷 阅读理解]

Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health.

讨论并解决你的问题，而不是压抑它们，可以改善你的情绪健康。[2021年 北京卷 阅读表达]

The stamp price has gone down.

邮票价格下跌了。[2021年 新高考Ⅰ卷 阅读理解]

( 4)adv. (写)在纸上

真题例句：

"I'd then excuse myself to use the toilet, note down what the beggars said, and send the information to my teammates.

然后我会找个借口去厕所，记下乞丐们说的话，然后把这些信息发给我的队友。[2021年 新高考II卷 完形填空]

必考短语

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(1)shut down(使)关闭; (使)停止运转

(2)slow down减速; 减缓

(3)pass down传递; 传承

(4)sit down坐下

(5)write down写下

(6)break down分解; 出故障

(7)bring down打倒; 降低; 击落

(8)calm down冷静下来

(9)cool down冷静下来; 冷却下来; 冷静

(10)turn down拒绝; 关小; 调低

(11)up and down一上一下地; 起伏地

(12)burn down焚为平地; 烧得精光

(13)fall down有不足; 有欠缺; 失败

(14)put down付定金

(15)settle down定居下来; 安定下来

(16)come down退步

(17)lie down躺下; 躺着

(18)push down向下推; 推倒; 压低

(19)touch down触地得分; 降落; 着陆; 触地得６分

(20)tear down拆毁; 拆除; 拆开

(21)hands down容易地; 易如反掌地; 毋庸置疑地

(22)look down往下看; 俯视; 瞧不起

必考派生词

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countdown n. 倒计数；倒读数；最后时刻；最后时刻的工作；倒计时显示器

downward adv. 向下；适用于（某一等级制度下的或一群人中的）每一个人

downside n. 负面；阴暗面；消极面

考纲分布

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近9年出现99次

重要程度: 5星

29%; adv 向下

20%; adv 记下; 写下

14%; phr (down to)归结为

13%; prep 沿着

11%; phr (shut down)使停业/关闭

8%; adv 初付

3%; adj 沮丧的

1%; v 击倒

考纲释义

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( 1)adv. 向下

真题例句：

Amtrak says bookings are down 50 percent.

Amtrak表示，预定下降了50%。[2020年 CET6 阅读理解]

A number of factors are driving down the global oil prices not just for now but in the foreseeable future.

不仅是目前，在可预见的未来，许多因素都在推动全球油价下跌。[2017年 CET6 阅读理解]

What does the author say helped bring down unemployment during the Great Depression?

作者说在大萧条期间是什么帮助降低了失业率？[2016年 CET6 阅读理解]

( 2)adv. 记下; 写下

英文释义：in writing

真题例句：

It was spoken code, never written down, and it was developed and used by Navajo Indians.

它是口语密码，从未写下来，它是由纳瓦霍印第安人发展和使用的。[2018年 CET6 听力]

They could write down spoken codes promptly.

他们可以迅速写下口头代码。[2018年 CET6 听力]

Anything, like numbers, names, places, have to be noted down, but the rest is never translated word for word.

任何东西，如数字、姓名、地点，都必须记录下来，但其余的从不逐字翻译。[2016年 CET6 听力]

( 3)phr. (down to)归结为

真题例句：

This is down to "hereditarian" (遗传论的) science.

这是由于“遗传”科学。[2021年 CET6 阅读理解]

The general consensus is that it mostly comes down to stress and reduced food consumption, not mental exhaustion.

普遍的共识是，这主要归因于压力和食物消耗的减少，而不是精神疲惫。[2020年 CET6 听力]

Actually, it all comes down to a fairly simple question: What's so special about us?

事实上，这一切都归结为一个相当简单的问题：我们有什么特别之处？[2019年 CET6 阅读理解]

It partly comes down to profit-driven business models that are built around low-wage work and part-time jobs that don't provide benefits.

这在一定程度上要归结为利润驱动的商业模式，这种模式建立在低工资工作和不提供福利的兼职工作的基础上。[2018年 CET6 听力]

( 4)prep. 沿着

英文释义：along the course or extent of

真题例句：

We have a café & library upstairs and a ticket office down the hall, where you can buy tickets to all the major jazz concerts.

我们楼上有一个咖啡馆和图书馆，楼下有一个售票处，你可以在那里买到所有主要爵士乐音乐会的门票。[2019年 CET6 听力]

The Portuguese took part in the trade, ferrying nuts down the coast along with other goods.

葡萄牙人参与了贸易，沿着海岸运送坚果和其他货物。[2017年 CET6 阅读理解]

While the efforts are certainly not futile, the results of such bans will likely start to be seen by generations down the line.

虽然这些努力肯定不是徒劳的，但这些禁令的结果很可能只会在几代人之后才会开始看到。[2017年 CET6 阅读理解]

( 5)phr. (shut down)使停业/关闭

真题例句：

Should you find yourself on the receiving end of complaining, there's an ingenious way to shut it down—which is to agree with it.

如果你发现自己是抱怨的接收者，有一个巧妙的方法来结束它——那就是赞同它。[2020年 CET6 阅读理解]

For example, dolphins, as well as other marine animals, shut down one hemisphere of the brain when they go to sleep.

例如，海豚和其他海洋动物在睡觉时关闭大脑的一个半球。[2017年 CET6 阅读理解]

Businesses have downsized or shut down across America, leaving fewer job opportunities for those in search of work.

美国各地的企业都在缩减规模或关闭，给那些正在寻找工作的人留下了更少的工作机会。[2016年 CET6 听力]

( 6)adv. 初付

英文释义：made initially or on the spot

真题例句：

Buy a home with a small down payment.

用少量的首付款买房。[2017年 CET6 听力]

They have purchased a home with a small down payment and a 30-year mortgage.

他们用少量首付和30年的抵押贷款买了一套房子。[2017年 CET6 听力]

( 7)adj. 沮丧的

英文释义：upset

真题例句：

So it is not really your memory letting you down; just your ability to retrieve information from it.

所以这并不是说你的记忆里给你拖了后腿，而是你从脑海中获取已经存储了的信息的能力。[2017年 CET6 听力]

( 8)v. 击倒

真题例句：

Built-in mechanism allows us to cope with the ups and downs of our lives both physically and mentally.

内在的机制让我们能够在身体和精神上应对生活的起伏。[2021年 CET6 听力]

必考短语

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(1)shut down停业; 关闭

(2)look down on瞧不起; 轻视; 俯视

(3)write down写下; 记下

(4)bring down降价; 击倒

(5)go down下沉; 坠毁; 被记录; 被记住; 被咽下; 被吞下; 引起某种反应; (完成学业后)离开大学(尤指牛津/剑桥); (非正式)被捕入狱

(6)knock down撞倒; 击倒; (拍卖时)敲槌卖出

(7)pull down拉下来; 拆毁; 拆掉

(8)pin down把...固定住; 迫使...做出决定; 确定; 证实

(9)down to归结为; 由...引起

(10)jump down跃下 ;  往下跳

(11)trickle down向下滴流; 涓滴; 流淌下来

(12)be down with患...病; 得...病

必考派生词

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countdown n. 倒计数；倒读数；最后时刻；最后时刻的工作；倒计时显示器

downward adv. 向下；适用于（某一等级制度下的或一群人中的）每一个人

downside n. 负面；阴暗面；消极面

用法讲解

---

down常作副词，但也可作介词、形容词、动词、名词，其中心词义为“下”。

考纲分布

---

近16年出现72次

重要程度: 5星

60%; adv 减少; 减弱; 下降

4%; vphr (slow down)放慢; 减速

3%; vphr (close down)关闭; 停业

3%; adv 下至; 直至

3%; vphr (down to)归结为

3%; adv/prep/adj 向下

3%; adv (坐/倒/躺)下

3%; vphr (pass down)传承

1%; vphr (calm down)冷静

1%; vphr (hold down)压制; 限制

1%; adv/prep 沿着; 顺着; 朝着

1%; vphr (break down)分解

1%; vphr (weigh down)使焦虑

1%; vphr (come down with)染病

1%; n (put-down)羞辱的话

1%; vphr (crack down)打击; 镇压

1%; v 使倒下; 击倒

1%; adv 到; 去; 在

1%; adj 沮丧; 情绪低落

1%; n 开阔的丘陵地

1%; vphr (clamp down)压制; 取缔

1%; vphr (stand down)下台

0%; adv (写)下

0%; adv (settle down)定居

0%; adv (vote down)否决

0%; adv (hunt down)穷追直至找到

0%; adv 向南方

0%; adv 失去(钱)

0%; prep 贯穿...时间

0%; adj 停机

0%; n 绒毛

考纲释义

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( 1)adv. 减少; 减弱; 下降

真题例句：

Companies can also optimize their own energy use and cut down on the cost of electricity.

公司也可以优化自己的能源使用，降低电力成本。[2021年 英语一 阅读理解B]

Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work.

同样，自动化最终应该会提高生产率，通过压低价格来刺激需求，并将工人从艰苦、枯燥的工作中解放出来。[2018年 英语一 阅读理解A]

Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 from its year ago level.

非自愿兼职就业人数仍远高于经济衰退前，但比去年同期减少了64万人。[2015年 英语二 阅读理解A]

( 2)vphr. (slow down)放慢; 减速

真题例句：

slow down the traffic on their network

减缓他们网络上的流量[2021年 英语一 阅读理解A]

slows down babies' verbal development

减缓婴儿的语言发展[2017年 英语二 阅读理解A]

Knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment.

知道心理健康总是可获得的，并知道信任它，使我们能够放慢脚步，享受当下。[2016年 英语一 翻译]

( 3)vphr. (close down)关闭; 停业

真题例句：

They bought the seedlings and closed them down.

它们（大型公司）把“幼苗（创新型公司）”买过来，然后将后者关闭。[2021年 英语二 阅读理解A]

In some cases, it is a part of a "buy and kill" tactic to simply close them down.

在某些情况下，这是一种“买了就杀”策略的一部分，单纯为了关闭它们。[2021年 英语二 阅读理解A]

First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences.

首先，他们可以在不承担太多后果的情况下关闭一切。[2012年 英语一 阅读理解A]

( 4)adv. 下至; 直至

英文释义：used to show the limits in a range or an order

真题例句：

a top-down process

自上而下的过程[2019年 英语二 阅读理解A]

The virgin forest was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.

这片原始森林是一个真正的宝库，它从缅因州一直延伸至乔治亚州。[2015年 英语一 翻译]

This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn't be more out of date.

这种自上而下的时尚概念已经过时了。[2013年 英语一 阅读理解A]

( 5)vphr. (down to)归结为

真题例句：

Boiling down an individual's output to simple metrics, such as number of publications, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity.

以作品发表数量等简单指标来概括个人成果，既省时省力，又能减少争议。[2019年 英语一 翻译]

Yet children appear to have it down to an art — and for the most part they don't need self-help books or therapy.

然而，孩子们似乎已经把它归结为一门艺术——在大多数情况下，他们不需要自助书籍或治疗。[2016年 英语二 阅读理解B]

But it is not just down to the government.

但这不仅仅归结于政府。[2014年 英语二 阅读理解A]

( 6)adv/prep/adj. 向下

英文释义：to or at a lower place or position

真题例句：

Reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down.

阅读将会成为一种默认状态，在这种状态回落之前，你可以暂时集中注意力来处理事务。[2016年 英语二 阅读理解A]

Even very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.

即使很小的孩子也倾向于看不起超重的人，对身材的取笑一直是学校里的一个问题。[2014年 英语二 完型填空]

( 7)adv. (坐/倒/躺)下

真题例句：

Families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before.

家人不再像以前那样经常坐下来一起吃饭。[2020年 英语一 完型填空]

Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning.

坐下来阅读，而与工作相关的想法却像飞轮一样转个不停。[2016年 英语二 阅读理解A]

( 8)vphr. (pass down)传承

( 9)vphr. (calm down)冷静

真题例句：

Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps the other person cool down and does the same for you.

只要放慢节奏，用平静的语气说话就能让对方冷静下来，对你也一样。[2021年 英语二 阅读理解B]

If unable to calm down passengers, the railways may have to face a change of ownership.

如果不能让乘客冷静下来，铁路公司可能不得不面临所有权的变更。[2021年 英语一 阅读理解A]

( 10)vphr. (hold down)压制; 限制

真题例句：

If you're holding down a job to pay the bills, it's not easy to find the time to write.

如果你为了支付账单而保住了一份工作，那就不容易找到时间来写作。[2022年 英语二 完型填空]

Hard times may hold you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time.

困难时期可能总在最不合时宜的时候压制你。[2015年 英语二 阅读理解B]

( 11)adv/prep. 沿着; 顺着; 朝着

英文释义：along; towards the direction in which you are facing

真题例句：

While animals in captivity deserve sympathy, zoos play a significant role in starting young people down the path of related sciences.

虽然被囚禁的动物值得同情，但动物园在引导年轻人走上相关科学的道路方面发挥着重要作用。[2022年 英语一 阅读理解B]

When we travel down a well-known route, because we don't have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly.

当我们沿着一条众所周知的路线行进时，由于我们不必太集中注意力，时间似乎过得更快。[2015年 英语二 翻译]

( 12)vphr. (break down)分解

真题例句：

Water bottles, and other trash litter the planet, because plastics are everywhere and don't break down easily.

水瓶和其他垃圾遍布地球，因为塑料无处不在，而且不容易分解。[2022年 英语一 阅读理解A]

Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal.

把问题分解为多个小的问题，然后用代码解决这些小问题，这种方式成了常态。[2016年 英语二 阅读理解A]

( 13)vphr. (weigh down)使焦虑

真题例句：

Many of us are weighed down by the past or anxious about the future.

我们中的许多人都为过去烦恼，或对未来焦虑。[2015年 英语二 阅读理解B]

( 14)vphr. (come down with)染病

真题例句：

People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come down with a cold.

感知到更多社会支持的人，患感冒的可能性更小。[2017年 英语一 完型填空]

( 15)n. (put-down)羞辱的话

真题例句：

The question "what happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn't shine?" has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.

“当风不吹或太阳不亮时，会发生什么?”这个问题给了怀疑论者一个快速的下马威。[2018年 英语二 阅读理解A]

( 16)vphr. (crack down)打击; 镇压

真题例句：

A status gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.

这一地位赋予联邦官员更大的监管权力来打击威胁。[2016年 英语二 阅读理解A]

( 17)v. 使倒下; 击倒

真题例句：

The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why.

埃及航空804号班机的坠毁，可能是被恐怖分子在地中海上击落的，它以悲剧的形式再次提醒我们为什么这么做。[2017年 英语一 阅读理解A]

( 18)adv. 到; 去; 在

真题例句：

Losing a job is hurting: you don't skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart.

失业是痛苦的：你不可能在心头哼着歌，跳着去就业中心。[2014年 英语一 阅读理解A]

( 19)adj. 沮丧; 情绪低落

真题例句：

When he feels down — say, after giving a bad lecture — he grants himself permission to be human.

当他情绪低落时——比如说，在做了一次糟糕的演讲之后——他宽慰自己这是人之常情。[2014年 英语二 翻译]

( 20)n. 开阔的丘陵地

真题例句：

British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Wiltshire Downs.

英国的地景艺术家更喜欢远离城镇，被传统上被认为美丽的风景所吸引，如威尔特郡丘陵地区。[2014年 英语二 阅读理解B]

( 21)vphr. (clamp down)压制; 取缔

真题例句：

As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down.

随着其他人付出的代价变得越来越明显，政客们已经开始钳制。[2012年 英语一 阅读理解A]

( 22)vphr. (stand down)下台

真题例句：

Embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.

在最近的欧洲选举中，令人尴尬的丑闻和受欢迎的左翼共和党人迫使他收回自己的话并下台。[2015年 英语一 阅读理解A]

( 23)adv. (写)下

真题例句：

Critically, another group was asked to spend a minute writing down reasons for their judgment, before giving the rating.

关键的是，在进行评分前，另一组被要求花一分钟的时间写下他们判断的理由。[2021年 英语二 阅读理解A]

( 24)adv. (settle down)定居

真题例句：

They would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down.

即使他们有足够的钱定居下来，他们也会在晚年被雇用。[2022年 英语二 阅读理解A]

( 25)adv. (vote down)否决

真题例句：

However, the mechanisms proposed were unwieldy and the Bill was voted down following the change in government later that year.

然而，提议的机制很难操作，该法案在当年晚些时候政府更迭后被否决。[2022年 英语一 阅读理解A]

( 26)adv. (hunt down)穷追直至找到

真题例句：

People would be driven by beautiful wild creatures fascination to travel to wild areas to seek out disturb and even hunt them down.

人们会被美丽的野生动物的魅力所驱使，去野外寻找干扰，甚至猎杀它们。[2022年 英语一 阅读理解B]

( 27)adv. 向南方

( 28)adv. 失去(钱)

( 29)prep. 贯穿...时间

( 30)adj. 停机

( 31)n. 绒毛

必考短语

---

(1)shut down停业；关闭

(2)slow down放慢；减速；放松

(3)look down on瞧不起；轻视；俯视

(4)pass down传递下去；传承下去；传承

(5)sit down坐下

(6)break down停止运转；出故障；失败；打破；分解；禁不住哭出来

(7)calm down冷静下来

(8)cool down冷静下来；冷却下来；冷静

(9)settle down定居下来；安定下来

(10)close down关闭；停业；停止播放

(11)cut down on削减；减少；降低

(12)boil down to归结为；其结果是

(13)clamp down压制；强制；强行禁止；钳制；取缔

(14)come down with染上；患上；得(病)

(15)down to归结为；由...引起

(16)drive down压低；下跌；驱车

(17)hold down限制；压制

(18)hunt down追捕；猎杀；搜索直至找到

(19)stand down下台

(20)vote down投票否决；否决

(21)weigh down拖累；压垮；压弯；使焦虑；使烦恼

(22)back down收回声明

(23)crack down打击；镇压

必考派生词

---

downward adv. 向下；适用于（某一等级制度下的或一群人中的）每一个人

downside n. 负面；阴暗面；消极面

用法讲解

---

几个关于down的重要短语，put-down是俚语，名词“诽谤、侮辱、损人的刻薄话”。top-down则是形容词“自上而下的”。clamp down动词“压制”。

(1)She fell down, down, down, deep in a hole.

她一直往下掉呀掉，掉到一个洞里了。《Room》《房间》

(2)Brace, brace, brace! Heads down, stay down! Brace, brace, brace! Heads down, stay down!

准备，准备，准备，头埋下，埋好了。准备，准备，准备，头埋下，埋好了。《Sully》《萨利机长》

(3)Go ahead. Cut me down. I'm not coming down. I'm never coming down.

来吧，要砍就砍吧，我不下去，坚决不下去。《Flipped》《怦然心动》

(4)See? All right, now you try. Look down, you're looking down, keep looking down.

看到没？现在你来试试看低头，低头，继续低头。《Friends Season 7》《老友记 第七季》

(5)Wait. No, no. Drag me down. Drag me down.

等等，别这样，拖我下水…《Friends Season 5》《老友记 第五季》

(6)You tell your men to stand down. Stand down.

让你的手下把枪放下把枪放下。《Fast and Furious 6》《速度与激情6》

(7)Oh, all right. Up, down, up, down.

噢，那好吧。上下，上下，上下。《Peppa Pig Season 3》《小猪佩奇 第三季》

(8)Lie down.

躺下。《Titanic》《泰坦尼克号》

(9)And deep down, Maya is beautiful. Okay, calm down.

而事实上，玛雅很美。好了，冷静一下。《Girl Meets World Season 3》《女孩成长记 第三季》

(10)Jump up and down in them. Daddy Pig loves jumping up and down in leaves. Peppa loves jumping up and down in leaves.

在干树叶跳来跳去。猪爸爸喜欢在干树叶里跳来跳去。佩奇喜欢在干树叶里跳来跳去。《Peppa Pig Season 2》《粉红猪小妹 第二季》

(11)Down with corporate imperialism.

企业霸权去死吧！《The Good Wife Season 5》《傲骨贤妻 第五季》

(12)Jump up and down. Jumping up and down in muddy puddles.

嗯，要跳来跳去，我们要到泥坑里面有跳来跳去了！《Peppa Pig Season 4》《小猪佩奇 第四季》

(13)Okay, duck down.

喂, 趴低点。《Friends Season 10》《老友记 第十季》

(14)Now either you come down, or we're gonna cut you down.

你再不下来，我们就直接砍了。《Flipped》《怦然心动》

(15)Daddy pig likes jumping up and down. Everyone likes jumping up and down.

猪爸爸喜欢上上下下的跳。大家都喜欢上上下下的跳。上下，上下，上下。《Peppa Pig Season 3》《小猪佩奇 第三季》

(16)What the hell is that? Cuff him. Hey! Get your hands on your head. Get down! Get down! Get your hands on your head. Down!

我的老天，他在干嘛？把他铐起来，手举起来，蹲下！手放在头上！《The Walk》《云中行走》

(17)You can slow down.

开慢点吧。《The Pursuit of Happyness》《当幸福来敲门》

(18)Just set it down.

放下就好。《The Big Bang Theory Season 6》《生活大爆炸 第六季》

(19)He's back. The peeper's back. Get down. Get down? And boogie.

偷窥狂又出现了，蹲下蹲下？蹲下？接着跳舞。《Friends Season 1》《老友记第一季》

(20)Sit down if you want to.

你愿意的话可以坐下。《Forrest Gump》《阿甘正传》